Dab tsi ua 8 xov hlau hauv Ethernet cable ua

VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) yog kev sib txuas lus thev naus laus zis uas faib cov LAN lub cev mus rau ntau qhov chaw tshaj tawm. Txhua VLAN yog qhov tshaj tawm xov xwm uas cov tswv tuaj yeem sib txuas lus ncaj qha, thaum sib txuas lus ntawm VLANs sib txawv raug txwv. Yog li ntawd, cov lus tshaj tawm tsuas yog txwv rau ib qho VLAN nkaus xwb.

Cov ntsiab lus

· Vim li cas thiaj xav tau VLANs
·VLAN vs. Subnet
·VLAN Tag thiab VLAN ID
·Hom VLAN Interfaces thiab VLAN Tag Handling Mechanisms
·Kev siv Scenario ntawm VLANs
·Teeb meem nrog VLANs hauv Huab Ib puag ncig

Vim li cas VLANs thiaj xav tau

Thaum Ntxov Ethernet tes hauj lwm yog cov ntaub ntawv networking thev naus laus zis raws li CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection) uas siv cov kev sib txuas lus nruab nrab. Thaum tus naj npawb ntawm cov tswv tau nce, nws ua rau muaj kev sib tsoo loj, cua daj cua dub tshaj tawm, kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, thiab txawm tias muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv network. Txawm hais tias kev sib txuas LANs siv Txheej 2 cov cuab yeej tuaj yeem daws teeb meem kev sib tsoo, nws tseem ua tsis tiav los cais cov xov xwm tshaj tawm thiab txhim kho lub network zoo. Qhov no ua rau kev txhim kho ntawm VLAN thev naus laus zis, uas faib cov LAN rau hauv ntau qhov kev sib tham VLANs; txhua VLAN sawv cev rau kev tshaj tawm xov xwm, ua kom muaj kev sib txuas lus hauv VLAN zoo li nws yog LAN thaum tiv thaiv kev sib txuas lus hauv VLAN thiab txwv cov xov xwm tshaj tawm hauv VLAN.

Piv txwv 1: Lub luag haujlwm ntawm VLANs

Yog li, VLANs muaj qhov zoo hauv qab no:

· Txwv Kev Tshaj Tawm Tshaj Tawm: Cov tshaj tawm xov xwm tau kaw nyob rau hauv VLAN, khaws cia bandwidth thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm network.
· Txhim kho LAN Kev Ruaj Ntseg: Cov lus los ntawm cov VLAN sib txawv raug cais thaum sib kis, txhais tau tias cov neeg siv hauv ib VLAN tsis tuaj yeem sib txuas lus ncaj qha nrog cov neeg siv hauv lwm VLAN.
· Txhawb Network Robustness: Kev ua txhaum yog txwv rau ib VLAN, yog li cov teeb meem hauv ib VLAN tsis cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ib txwm ntawm lwm VLANs.
· Kev Tsim Kho Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo Tshaj Plaws: VLANs tuaj yeem faib cov neeg siv ua haujlwm sib txawv, tso cai rau cov tswv cuab ntawm tib pab pawg ua haujlwm ua haujlwm yam tsis muaj kev txwv rau thaj chaw tshwj xeeb, ua rau kev tsim kho network thiab kev saib xyuas yooj yim dua thiab hloov tau yooj yim.

VLAN vs. Subnet

Los ntawm kev faib cov ntu txuas ntxiv ntawm IP chaw nyob rau hauv ntau lub subnets, qhov kev siv qis ntawm IP chaw nyob thiab qhov nruj ntawm ob theem IP chaw nyob tuaj yeem hais txog. Zoo ib yam li VLANs, subnets kuj tuaj yeem cais kev sib txuas lus ntawm cov tswv. Cov tswv koom nrog VLAN sib txawv tsis tuaj yeem sib txuas lus ncaj qha, ib yam li cov tswv hauv cov subnets sib txawv tsis tuaj yeem. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj kev sib txuas lus ncaj qha ntawm ob.

VLAN	Subnet
Qhov txawv	Siv los faib Layer 2 networks.
	Tom qab teeb tsa VLAN interfaces, cov neeg siv hauv VLAN sib txawv tuaj yeem sib txuas lus tsuas yog tias kev teeb tsa raug tsim.
	Txog 4094 VLANs tuaj yeem txhais tau; tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom siv hauv VLAN tsis txwv.
Kev sib raug zoo	Hauv tib VLAN, ib lossis ntau lub subnets tuaj yeem txhais tau.

VLAN Tag thiab VLAN ID

Txhawm rau qhib cov keyboards kom paub qhov txawv cov lus los ntawm cov VLAN sib txawv, ib daim teb uas qhia txog VLAN cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum muab ntxiv rau cov lus. IEEE 802.1Q raws tu qauv qhia tias 4-byte VLAN tag (hu ua VLAN Tag) raug ntxiv rau Ethernet cov ntaub ntawv thav ntawv txhawm rau txheeb xyuas VLAN cov ntaub ntawv.

VID teb nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ncej qhia lub VLAN uas cov ntaub ntawv ncej belongs; cov ntaub ntawv thav duab tsuas yog kis tau nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej VLAN. VID teb sawv cev rau VLAN ID, uas muaj peev xwm nyob ntawm 0 txog 4095. Txij li thaum 0 thiab 4095 tau tshwj tseg los ntawm txoj cai, qhov siv tau ntau yam rau VLAN IDs yog 1 txog 4094. Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv thav ntawv ua haujlwm sab hauv los ntawm qhov hloov pauv nqa VLAN cim npe, thaum qee cov khoom siv (xws li tus neeg siv lub tswv yim thiab cov servers) txuas nrog qhov hloov pauv tsuas yog xa thiab tau txais cov kab ke Ethernet ib txwm tsis muaj VLAN cim npe.

Yog li ntawd, txhawm rau cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom siv no, kev hloov pauv hloov pauv yuav tsum paub txog Ethernet thav duab ib txwm muaj thiab ntxiv lossis strip VLAN cim npe thaum sib kis. Lub VLAN tag ntxiv sib raug rau lub interface lub neej ntawd VLAN (Port Default VLAN ID, PVID).

Hom VLAN Interfaces thiab VLAN Tag Handling Mechanisms

Hauv cov tes hauj lwm tam sim no, cov neeg siv uas koom nrog tib VLAN tuaj yeem txuas nrog cov hloov pauv sib txawv, thiab tuaj yeem muaj ntau VLANs hla hla cov keyboards. Yog tias tus neeg siv kev sib txuas lus tsim nyog, qhov kev sib txuas ntawm cov keyboards yuav tsum muaj peev xwm paub txog thiab xa cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm ntau VLANs ib txhij. Nyob ntawm cov khoom sib txuas thiab yuav ua li cas cov thav duab ua tiav, muaj ntau hom VLAN interfaces kom haum rau kev sib txuas sib txawv thiab kev sib txuas.

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2024 Exhibition & Txheej xwm tshuaj xyuas

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